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    September 05

    数学和其他自然科学(二)

         而数学家们则与此不同,他们无不插上了想象的翅膀,可以各自在不同的时空中逍遥地遨游着而不受“现实”的约束。事实上,现在许多我们已经习以为常的数学概念和理论,都来自先辈们的“想象”,或者说是“创造”。这些创造,有的有现实的依据,比如触怒了毕达格拉斯权威的无理数。有些在起初被创造出来的时候并没有什么现实的依据,而仅仅是处于好奇,比如非欧几何。这是经典的数学史上都晓得的事情。现代数学据说已经相当高深,八九上十维的空间恐怕早已稀松平常、不在话下了,虽然数学家们本人也和我们平常人一样每天生活在一个看似三维的空间之中。
         更加奇妙的是,这些在草创之初尚没有现实依据的想象,虽然在当时还有被视为异端邪说加以驱逐的危险,竟可以在几百年甚至数十年后,由于人类活动范围的扩大、对自然认识的加深,一跃而变成新的理论的依据。黎曼几何成为爱因斯坦相对论数学基础的一部分;高维空间的概念在“分形”的思想下可以用来研究海岸线的描绘;许多纯粹数论的理论居然在密码学里派上了用场,等等。
         这类事情,可让实验的物理学家、实验的化学家们望洋兴叹、自愧不如了。

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